Thursday, 5 January 2017

7 Predictions for ’17 – An Outlook for the Year Ahead (Part 1)



Before I commence on joining the chorus of opinions for the year ahead, I would like to wish all readers a Happy New Year and a great 2017 ahead. I also take this chance to craft my first post of 2017. Owing to the length of my writings, this post shall be split into 2 parts for optimal reading. I don’t think anybody can take 20 pages worth of words in a single viewing. 

2016 has once again been a year of volatility and many surprises, the two single biggest event s being Brexit and the election of Donald Trump. In hindsight, these “black swan” events may not have been accurately predicted to happen, but their consequences on the financial markets have been neglected prior to their happening, resulting in huge volatility in the aftermath. The biggest single takeaway from 2016 then, is to expect the unexpected. However paradoxical this sounds, it has proven to be unbelievably true in this eventful year. Whether we will see a repeat of the surprises of 2016 in 2017 remains as anyone’s guess, but no matter the circumstances, it pays to consider the unexpected.

Looking ahead, we begin the year with the first major event of 2017 – the inauguration of Donald Trump on 20th Jan. Following that, we have the German Presidential Elections on 12th Feb and the French Presidential Elections in April. Parliamentary elections are also scheduled for France and Germany in 2017. Elections in Italy look possible too, following the resignation of PM Matteo Renzi after the Italian Referendum. In the backdrop, the Syrian Civil War rages on, and the threat of a belligerent nuclear-armed North Korea lingers in the background. The US and China look set to spar economically, as President-elect Trump has threatened to label China a currency-manipulator, at a time which China’s economy has been slowing continually and foreign currency reserves are dwindling quickly

As Warren Buffet has said before, “In the business world, the rearview mirror is always clearer than the windshield”, nobody knows for sure what is going to happen to the financial markets in 2017. As with every prediction made by every pundit, they may turn out to be right or wrong. I don’t expect many of my predictions to come true (and I won’t be surprised if none come true), but they serve as my views at this point in time. To be exact, I will be making more than 7 predictions in total, but I’ve sorted them into 7 categories.

1)  Equities
 
The financial world has seemingly become a different place following the election of Donald Trump. Equities have skyrocketed to record highs (at least for the US markets) while bonds have sold off sharply. Soaring bond yields fueled a rising US dollar, while gold hit a wall on its stunning rally this year and plummeted. All these happened in a matter of 9 short weeks.
This chart of the S&P500 in 2016 says it all:
  
From a technical perspective, connecting the two lows at the selling climax following Brexit and the US elections, and drawing a parallel line touching the market highs in August and more recently in December, gives us a rather nice and rising bullish channel (diagonal purple lines), setting the stage for a potential bull market into 2017. 

The stock market’s climb since the February lows has been nothing short of remarkable and it gives an insight into the underlying strength of the current bull market which turned 7 years of age in April 2016. However, it is worth noting that key resistance levels on the way up, at 2120 and 2200 respectively, as well as the 127.2% Fibonacci extension at 2193, were taken out in the rebounds after big selloffs following Brexit and Trump. 

We are in the midst of the second-longest bull market in US history, and this trend looks set to continue into 2017. However, geopolitical upheavals in 2017 could once again derail the bull on its course. Frothy valuations are also a concern, with the current trailing-12-months P/E ratio for the S&P500 inching toward 26, way above its historical average P/E of 15.6. 

This means that investors are pricing in massive earnings growth for US companies in 2017, on hopes of Trump’s promised fiscal spending spurring further economic growth. Should President Trump fail to deliver on his promises, or his plans shown to be lacking or ineffective, that sky-high P/E ratio could quickly revert toward the mean, taking the stock market along with it. 

S&P500 Prediction
Verdict: Moderately Bullish
Predicted End-2017 Level: 2350
Worst-case-scenario Level: 2040
Immediate Resistance Levels: 2280, 2300 (161.8% Fib extension close by)
Immediate Support Levels: 2225 (138.2% Fib extension), 2190 (former resistance, with 127.2% Fib extension close by), 2120 (former strong resistance)


Straits Times Index
Back home, things don’t look so bright.


Singapore’s Straits Times Index has underperformed its US counterpart. The euphoria of the late-2016 “Trump rally” has certainly not permeated the local atmosphere. The STI has been trapped in a trading range since April, with rallies capped by the 2960 mark and selloffs failing to break below 2700, and more recently 2770. A rising wedge formation has started to appear, by connecting the lows in June and November, with the top of the wedge firmly established by the 2960 level.
 
Going into 2017, all eyes will be on the 2960 level. A solid break and consolidation above this level will enable the index to challenge the 3000 point psychological level once again. However, with a lackluster outlook for the local economy, local investors are in the doldrums. Traders are unlikely to chase any breakout rally. However, when the index dips back into attractive levels, say 2750, value investors bargain hunting swoop in for the kill and provide support to lift the index. 

I don’t see this exasperating range bound trade to abate in 2017. Sure, we could see a rally lasting a few weeks or even months, but the STI is unlikely end the year substantially higher. Unless economic outlook improves, woes about changes in US foreign policy affecting the region are lifted, or bargain hunters swoop in and buy en masse (the Singapore market currently has one of the lowest P/Es in the region), the local market would continue to see moribund range-bound trading.

Straits Times Index Prediction
Verdict: Neutral
Predicted End-2017 Level: 3100
Worst-case-scenario Level: 2700
Immediate Resistance Levels: 2960, 3000 (psychological), 3039 (50% Fib retracement)
Immediate Support Levels: 2800 (psychological), 2770 (23.6% Fib retracement), 2700 (May and June lows)

2) Oil

While there are two benchmarks used to gauge oil prices, London-traded ICE Brent and New York-traded WTI Crude, I shall use WTI for my analysis. However, due to charting limitations and the way oil is traded (by futures contracts which expire every month), I shall use the chart of CFD contract USOIL for analysis. 

The oil world had its own “Trump moment” when OPEC approved output cuts at its 30th Nov meeting, rallying past and managing to hold above $50 a barrel. The past few forays into $50 territory since late 2015 have been met with insurmountable resistance, with oil failing to gain a footing above that elusive price level time and again. 

With the $50 mark now firmly established, after breaking out from range-bound trade in the $40s, oil looks to continue its current rally for the time being, as the OPEC output cuts kick in and help to reduce near-term supply. Connecting all the lows from April to November on the chart, and extrapolating a parallel line touching the mid-2016 spike, a bullish channel is somewhat established. 

Going into 2017, I do not think prices will surpass and hold the 2015 highs at $62. While OPEC may be cutting back on output, non-OPEC nations are still free to pump at will. Although OPEC is looking to get other nations to join in on their output cuts, the task is definitely going to be an uphill one, and its details are not going to be finalized anytime soon. Without a pact to limit production, non-OPEC members, most notably US shale oil producers, will be enticed to pump more oil in response to higher prices. Not to mention, OPEC members themselves may cheat on production quotas and over-produce, due to budgetary pressures back home. This once again increases supply and caps prices from rising. 

Oil producers are also massively selling oil to take advantage of higher prices currently. A glance at the oil futures curve (for those with a Bloomberg terminal) shows the futures market in backwardation (an anomaly) between late 2017 and 2019. Backwardation refers to the situation which futures contracts further out in time are priced cheaper than similar contracts closer to expiration. The oil market is usually in contango, a state whereby futures contracts further out in time are more expensive than those nearer in time. Market pundits take this as a sign of producer hedging (locking in favorable prices) and I don’t disagree with them.

With this in mind, I expect US oil prices to remain range-bound in 2017, roughly between $50 and $65, barring unforeseen catalysts that may propel prices sharply either way. Prices in the nearer term may return to challenge the $50 level before moving off higher

USOIL Prediction
Verdict: Neutral
Predicted End-2017 Level: Range –bound between $50 and $65
Worst-case-scenario Level: <$45, as shale producers flood the market with new supply, undoing the effects of OPEC’s output cuts
Immediate Resistance Levels: $57.25 (61.8% retracement of end-2014 to early-2016 decline), $60 (psychological), $62.50 (2015 highs)
Immediate Support Levels: $50.90 (the line in the sand), $48.60 (Fib retracement level)



Another point of interest is the composite chart showing the spread between Brent and WTI, using proxies UKOIL and USOIL. In the past, the spread used to be way higher than it is now. While overall oil prices may rise across the board, I expect Brent crude to rise more than WTI crude, owing to US shale producers increasing output and thus capping prices. 

Therefore, the Brent-WTI spread should widen and probably move toward its 200-week moving average at around $5.50. A way to play the widening spread would be to go long Brent crude and go short WTI crude. However, playing the spread is a risky strategy and it is best left to the professionals. 

3) Gold


 
2016 has been a wonderful year for gold investors, save for the last 2 months, as gold rallied from its 3-year lows of $1050 since the gold bubble burst in 2013, to hit a high of $1375 in June 2016. However, following Trump’s victory and the surge in the US dollar as well as US yields, gold has lost much of its shine in an environment of rising interest rates and a strong dollar, falling to a low of $1130, but still managing to end 2016 higher than it started the year. 

Calling the direction for gold in 2017 is a tricky one, as numerous factors have an influence on its price. On one hand, gold is viewed as a safe haven when things go south, as seen in the aftermath of Brexit. It is also viewed as a safeguard against rising inflation, from a long-term perspective. On the other hand, gold prices tend to fall when interest rates (bond yields) rise, as the opportunity cost of holding gold (an investment yielding nothing) increases in a rising interest rate environment. 

2017 looks to be a year with both positive and negative catalysts for gold. With so many key EU members going to the polls, geopolitical scares may send safe haven gold soaring once again. Trump’s fiscal spending plans may create a lot of inflation in an economy agreed to be at full-employment by economists, thus driving gold prices north. 

On the flip side, the Federal Reserve is forecast to hike interest rates 3 times in 2017. A rapid series of increases is seen to be bearish for gold. US government yields are also forecast to rise in 2017, with the 10-year yield predicted to hit 3%. Gold does not shine in an environment of rising interest rates. Not to mention the possible effect of a stronger US dollar. Since gold is traded in USD, its strength is inversely correlated with the dollar in the short term. A stronger USD means lower gold prices.

Gold investors are once again faced with a dilemma – to buy in or to stay out? I shall use technical analysis in attempt to answer that question. Connecting the highs in 2014 and 2015 gives us a downward sloping trendline (green diagonal line) that was breached in early 2016. Prices later retraced to this line in November 2015 and this support level appears to be holding. Near term support is also provided by the 23.6% Fib retracement at $1125

If this confluence of support levels hold and gold prices move off to challenge $1200 again, we would have formed a “higher low”, which from a technical perspective, is a sign of the downtrend ending and an uptrend beginning. However, should this level break, prices could fall to challenge $1050 again. The failure to establish a “higher low” is confirmation that the broader downtrend is still intact. 

Considering the fundamental backdrop and technical factors, my view is that gold prices are likely to move higher in 2017. Besides the backdrop of negative interest rate policies still ongoing in many of the world’s major economies (EU and Japan), which is constructive for higher gold prices, 2017 looks to be another year of volatility amidst a difficult geopolitical background. 

The Fed also looks unlikely to hike interest rates in the first half of 2017, adopting a wait-and-see approach, in fear of derailing the precarious US economic recovery. This view is reflected by the market, where the implied probability of a rate hike based on the Fed Funds Futures does not cross 50% until June. Therefore, with rate hikes out of the way and elections scheduled to happen in major EU economies, combined with the actual act of Brexit predicted to happen during this period, the first half of 2017 looks constructive for higher gold prices

The big unknown then, is how the Fed would move in the second half, as well as any big fiscal measures by President Trump, the effects of which would have started to kick in by then. Barring unforeseen circumstances, I think moderately higher gold prices would be likely

XAUUSD Prediction
Verdict: Moderately Bullish
Predicted End-2017 Level: $1300
Worst-case-scenario Level: $1050
Immediate Resistance Levels: $1173 (38.2% Fib retracement), $1200 (psychological level), $1212 (Fib retracement level and former low)
Immediate Support Levels: $1125 - $1130 (confluence of Fib level, trendline and end-2014 low), $1080 (psychological level in late 2015)


[This concludes the first part of my post. Please proceed to the second part using navigation panel on the right.]


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